The Function of ENPP2
Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.
Protein names
Recommended name:
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2Short name:
E-NPP 2Alternative name(s):
AutotaxinExtracellular lysophospholipase D
LysoPLD
- RS10102546 (ENPP2) ??
- RS7007970 (ENPP2) ??
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Top Gene-Substance Interactions
ENPP2 Interacts with These Diseases
| Disease | Score |
Substances That Increase ENPP2
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Substances That Decrease ENPP2
| Substances | Interaction | Organism | Category |
Conditions with Increased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
|---|
Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity
| Condition | Change (log2fold) | Comparison | Species | Experimental variables | Experiment name |
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Technical
The following transcription factors affect gene expression:
Tissue specificity:
Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues.
Gene Pathways:
Induction:
Up-regulated in massively obese subjects with glucose intolerance, and during adipogenesis.
Enzyme Regulation:
Inhibited by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Inhibited by EDTA and EGTA.
Cofactor:
Binds 1 Ca(2+) ion per subunit.
Molecular Function:
- Nucleic Acid Binding
- Phosphodiesterase I Activity
- Nucleotide Diphosphatase Activity
- Lysophospholipase Activity
- Scavenger Receptor Activity
- Calcium Ion Binding
- Transcription Factor Binding
- Zinc Ion Binding
- Hydrolase Activity
- Polysaccharide Binding
- Alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine Phosphodiesterase Activity
Biological Processes:
- Phosphate-Containing Compound Metabolic Process
- Movement Of Cell Or Subcellular Component
- Chemotaxis
- Immune Response
- G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathway
- Phospholipid Catabolic Process
- Positive Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Migration
- Regulation Of Cell Migration
- Phosphatidylcholine Catabolic Process
- Regulation Of Angiogenesis
- Positive Regulation Of Peptidyl-Tyrosine Phosphorylation
- Positive Regulation Of Lamellipodium Morphogenesis