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ENPP2 (Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2)

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The Function of ENPP2

Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor.

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Protein names

Recommended name:

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2

Short name:

E-NPP 2

Alternative name(s):

Autotaxin
Extracellular lysophospholipase D
LysoPLD

ENPP2 SNPs

    To see your genotype, you should be logged in and have a file with your genotype uploaded.

  1. RS10102546 (ENPP2) ??
  2. RS7007970 (ENPP2) ??

Top Gene-Substance Interactions

ENPP2 Interacts with These Diseases

Disease Score

Substances That Increase ENPP2

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Substances That Decrease ENPP2

Substances Interaction Organism Category

Conditions with Increased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Conditions with Decreased Gene Activity

Condition Change (log2fold) Comparison Species Experimental variables Experiment name

Technical

The following transcription factors affect gene expression:

  • FOXO3
  • FOXO3a
  • FOXO3b
  • FOXC1
  • FOXF2
  • MEF-2A

Tissue specificity:

Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues.

Gene Pathways:

  • Ether lipid metabolism

Induction:

Up-regulated in massively obese subjects with glucose intolerance, and during adipogenesis.

Enzyme Regulation:

Inhibited by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Inhibited by EDTA and EGTA.

Cofactor:

Binds 1 Ca(2+) ion per subunit.

Molecular Function:

  • Nucleic Acid Binding
  • Phosphodiesterase I Activity
  • Nucleotide Diphosphatase Activity
  • Lysophospholipase Activity
  • Scavenger Receptor Activity
  • Calcium Ion Binding
  • Transcription Factor Binding
  • Zinc Ion Binding
  • Hydrolase Activity
  • Polysaccharide Binding
  • Alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine Phosphodiesterase Activity

Biological Processes:

  • Phosphate-Containing Compound Metabolic Process
  • Movement Of Cell Or Subcellular Component
  • Chemotaxis
  • Immune Response
  • G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling Pathway
  • Phospholipid Catabolic Process
  • Positive Regulation Of Epithelial Cell Migration
  • Regulation Of Cell Migration
  • Phosphatidylcholine Catabolic Process
  • Regulation Of Angiogenesis
  • Positive Regulation Of Peptidyl-Tyrosine Phosphorylation
  • Positive Regulation Of Lamellipodium Morphogenesis
*synonyms

Synonyms/Aliases/Alternative Names of the Gene:

hypothetical protein| A306_05013| Anapl_15633| AS27_11159| AS28_00851| ATX| ATX-X| AUTOTAXIN| autotaxin-t| CB1_000902024| D623_10022251| ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (autotaxin)| Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2| ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 isoform 2 preproprotein| ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2-like protein| EGK_19232| E-NPP 2| extracellular lysophospholipase D| I79_007340| LysoPLD| M91_06049| M959_11430| MDA_GLEAN10024606| N300_08491| N301_04689| N302_07488| N303_09129| N305_10990| N307_03319| N309_11925| N310_00704| N312_02102| N320_03503| N321_02663| N322_02881| N326_00942| N328_11985| N329_02752| N331_00733| N332_08344| N333_11950| N336_06702| N339_05679| N340_00785| N341_12130| NPP2| Npps2| PAL_GLEAN10021407| PANDA_019776| PD-Ialpha| Pdnp2| phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2| phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 2 (autotaxin)| plasma lysophospholipase D| TREES_T100011363| UY3_10444| Y1Q_030815| Y956_13157| Z169_01481| enpp2

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